Modelling Raw Water Treatment Using Slow Sand Filtration Method (A Case Study of Odor River in Amaokpala Orumba North Local Government Area, Anambra State)

The use of slow sand filtration proves to be an efficient approach for eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in rural communities. This study aims to create a model for a slow sand filter system designed to remove microorganisms. Various tests were conducted on both the untreated water sourced from the Odor River in Amaokpala, Orumba North L.G.A of Anambra State, and the filtered water from the system. The results revealed that the purification of water involves a combination of processes such as sedimentation, straining, and bacteriological actions. Comprehensive assessments, including physical, chemical, and microbial tests, were performed on water samples. A mathematical model was developed, indicating that all variables followed a normal distribution and were suitable for regression analysis.Data analysis was carried out using regression analysis, initially focusing on effluent, influent, discharge, media depth, and detention time. Subsequently, the model's validation was conducted on the other portion of the dataset. The Mann Whitney test was also performed to determine the significance of the predicted calibration versus the predicted validation. The results in table 4.4 demonstrated that the model adequately estimates the dependent variable, with an R-square value of 77.2%.Furthermore, the results presented in table 4.9 displayed a test value of 81.0 and a p-value of 0.1893, which was not statistically significant, as the p-value of 0.1893 exceeded the significance level of 0.05, assuming a 95% confidence level for the dependent variable in comparing the calibrated model to the validation model. In conclusion, slow sand filters are characterized by their simplicity in construction and operation. They prove to be effective in removing bacteria, organic matter, reducing turbidity, and are suitable for domestic water purification purposes. Keyword: Modeling, water treatment, slow sand filtration, filter media, Odor River.