EV Batteries Performance Study

With the rapid development of the automotive industry, the demand for gasoline increases sharply. The gasoline cars cause serious environmental pollution. The application of electric vehicles can solve these problems. In electric vehicle, rechargeable battery served as energy source for all its system operation which include electric motor for propulsion system and also other auxiliary components. There are many types of batteries found in the construction of today's Electric Vehicles, being hard to decide which one fulfils best all the most important characteristics, from different viewpoints, such as energy storage efficiency, constructive characteristics, cost price, safety and utilization life. Therefore, it becomes an important issue to be tackled in EV technology in order to improve electric vehicle overall performance. In general public view, people tend to be very concern in purchasing the electric car. One of the concerns lies on the question of how far they can travel with only battery for their car propulsion means. Therefore, this study will compare between two types of batteries; NMH and Li-Ion. The novelty of this study will focus on battery performance evaluation from the load point of view. And how the driving system type could affect EV battery performance. EV Model is constructed using Permanent magnet synchronous motor and DC motor. Both are supplied by two different types of batteries; Nickel Metal Hydride and Lithium Ion type. Electric vehicle system is modeled using MATLAB software. Comparison between these batteries performance is conducted in terms of battery voltage, State of charge and discharge characteristics. By the end of this work, analysis for simulation concludes that Li-Ion has the best performance in terms of travelled distance and operation characteristics. Keywords: Electric vehicle, Li-Ion battery, Nickel Metal Hydride, State of Charge, Battery management system