Dual-Mode Smart Waste Bin with Sensor-Based Sorting and Waste Compacting for Manual and Automatic Operation

This paper presents the design and implementation of a solar-powered, dual-mode smart waste management system capable of detecting, classifying, and compacting four categories of solid waste: metal, plastic, wet waste, and paper. The system employs inductive, capacitive, moisture, and ultrasonic sensors to achieve detection accuracies of 89%, 90%, 91%, and 92%, respectively. Integrated with a GSM-based SIM800C module, the system transmits real-time bin status via SMS to waste collection personnel, eliminating the need for internet connectivity and improving deployment feasibility in off-grid or rural locations. It supports both manual and automatic modes, enhancing user adaptability. Additionally, a built-in compacting and heating unit processes plastic waste, reducing its volume by up to 60%, thus extending bin capacity and facilitating recycling. Experimental validation over a 30-day testing period demonstrated 97% operational reliability. The proposed system offers a cost-effective, sustainable, and scalable solution for modern waste management, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Keywords; Waste Management, Waste Sorting, GSM Communication, Dual-Mode Operation, Waste Compacting, inductive proximity sensor.