Hybrid Solar PV–CHP–Biomass Energy System Modeling and Optimization with Battery Storage Impact Employing Differential Evolution Algorithm.

The electric, thermal and cooling energy needs keep on increasing consistently due to the increasing consumption patterns. Diversification of energy sources, energy affordability and emissions reduction, as well as enhancing the performance and responsiveness of centralized energy networks have ensured hybrid energy systems are becoming crucial. This paper introduces a hybrid design based on photovoltaic (PV) energy generation with combined heat and power (CHP) systems, boilers, along with biomass-driven power generation. It is an optimization problem that is formulated based on the use of a differential evolution algorithm to reduce daily electricity expenses. It also has a battery energy storage system (BESS) to improve the high efficiency, reliable performance, and sustainable operation of the energy network. In order to manage the uncertainty of PV production, scenario-based stochastic optimization models are employed utilizing evident solar radiation information. Optimization also takes into consideration real-time time-of-use (ToU) real-time gas price data and electricity tariffs. The combination of a battery storage, when used in various operations, significantly lowers the cost of operation of the system by around -2838.585% instead of the cost of operation with a grid, PV, CHP, and a biomass fueled boiler. Sensitivity analyses also indicate that both Scenarios III and IV demonstrate an upward cost of operations as a result of an increase in the external gas prices. Keywords: Multi-energy systems, Battery storage system (BSS), Differential evolution algorithm, Optimization, Smart grids (SGs).