Accelerated Identification of Kidney failure via Exhaled Breath Biomarkers

Maintaining the body's ionic balance is the responsibility of the kidneys, which serve as the filter and disposal system for waste products. An ion imbalance in the body could indicate a kidney issue. It is advised to examine and monitor the kidneys to prevent kidney problems properly. The only two options left for a person suffering from kidney failure are kidney transplant surgery or at least three days of dialysis per week. For most Ethiopians, the cost of these two options is prohibitive. To solve this issue, a non-invasive, quick, portable, reasonably priced, and widely available homecare gadget that assesses kidney health is required. Ammonia has been studied as a biomarker to test the kidney's status in numerous studies on kidney detection, which have employed a variety of detection mechanisms. The kidney's function is evaluated by the device using breath ammonia. This approach involves taking samples from the patient, allowing the ammonia sensor to detect the concentration of ammonia in their breath. The value is then compared to the predetermined threshold, and if it is higher, the device alerts the patient to schedule a follow-up examination. A test was conducted in the ambient air, where the average standard concentration of ammonia in the air is 0.01-0.03 ppm and may increase in an enclosed area, to determine whether the prototype is functioning properly or not. A normal person's breath was used to test the prototype; this person's breath should always be below the 0.82 ppm threshold. The sample yielded a detected value of 0.29 ppm. One member of the group willingly provided this sample. The detected value from the device is sent to a developed mobile application via Bluetooth. The app analyzes the data and displays the kidney status of the patient. For patients who are illiterate in English, a voice message also be available as an optional feature. Eventually, the patient's phone storage will contain the ammonia concentration and the status, which can be accessed and shared across various platforms at any time. For the future it is batter to integrate AI and Use regression algorithm to provide more processed data.