Occurrence of the blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 producing Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from the Urine of the Out-patients

Infections caused by Pseudomonas spp. constitute important morbidity and mortality in the clinical practice. In most of the time, the case become worsened because of the associated antibiotic resistance. This work was designed to isolate Pseudomonas spp. from urine samples collected from out-patients of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and evaluate occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistance determinants. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) mid-stream urine samples were collected by using standard clean-catch method. Bacterial isolation was carried out using streaking technique method and subsequently identified by morphological and biochemical methods. Most antibiotic resistance bacteria were characterized by sequencing 16S rRNA genes and detected the selected resistance genes. The Pseudomonas spp. isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (61), Pseudomonas otitdis (33) and Pseudomonas putida (22). The selected isolates for genomic sequencing were identified and genes uploaded to NCBI. The isolates were Pseudomonas otitidis strain U0202, Pseudomonas putida strain U0125 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain U056. The antibiotic phenotyping showed that twenty-five (25) of isolates were resistance to the twenty-four (24) antibiotics. There was total resistance to Cefuroxime, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Ampicillin, cloxacillin, oxacillin, erythromycin and vancomycin while resistance to imipenem, ertapenem chloramphenicol and amikacin was low. P. aeruginosa strain U056 possessed blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M-9 as variants of ESBLs along with blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1 carbapenemase producing genes. IcaA gene for biofilm was present in all the species of Pseudomonas but only Pseudomonas aeruginosa possessed AcrA gene for efflux pump. The presence of Pseudomonas spp. in the urine of UTI patients showed that these bacteria could be associated with infection of urinary tract. The Pseudomonas spp. were mult-drug resistance and possess many antibiotic determinants which account for some of the reasons for the resistance. Keywords: Determinant, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, Urine, Pseudomonas